He experienced modernism's "golden age" in Paris, where "he synthesized the art forms of Cubism, Symbolism, and Fauvism, and the influence of Fauvism gave rise to Surrealism". He had two basic reputations, writes Lewis: as a pioneer of modernism and as a major Jewish artist. He also did large-scale paintings, including part of the ceiling of the Paris Opéra. Using the medium of stained glass, he produced windows for the cathedrals of Reims and Metz as well as the Fraumünster in Zürich, windows for the UN and the Art Institute of Chicago and the Jerusalem Windows in Israel. For decades, he "had also been respected as the world's pre-eminent Jewish artist". Lewis, Chagall was considered to be "the last survivor of the first generation of European modernists". During World War II, he escaped occupied France to the United States, where he lived for 7 years in New York City before returning to France in 1948.Īrt critic Robert Hughes referred to Chagall as "the quintessential Jewish artist of the twentieth century". He later worked in and near Moscow in difficult conditions in a tough time in Russia, before leaving again for Paris in 1923. He spent the wartime years in his native Belarus, becoming one of the country's most distinguished artists and a member of the modernist avant-garde, founding the Vitebsk Arts College. During this period he created his own mixture and style of modern art based on his ideas of Eastern European and Jewish folklore. Before World War I, he travelled between Saint Petersburg, Paris, and Berlin. An early modernist, he was associated with several major artistic styles and created works in a wide range of artistic formats, including painting, drawings, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets, ceramics, tapestries and fine art prints.Ĭhagall was born in 1887 into a Jewish family near Vitebsk, today in Belarus, but at the time in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire. Marc Chagall (born Moishe Shagal 6 July 1887 – 28 March 1985) was a Russian-French artist.
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